Treating Receding Gums: Causes, Signs & Treatment Options
Gum recession is the gradual pulling back of gum tissue from a tooth, exposing the softer root surface underneath. Causes include aggressive brushing, periodontal disease, genetics, hormonal changes, tobacco use and teeth grinding, and the signs include longer-looking teeth, sensitivity near the gum line, and a notch you can feel where gum meets tooth. Receded tissue does not grow back on its own, but composite bonding, desensitising treatments or gum grafting can protect the exposed root.
Orion Dental Team
Led by Dr. Fahimay Naqvi
Gum recession — also known as gingival recession — occurs when the gum tissue surrounding your teeth gradually pulls back, exposing more of the tooth or even the tooth root. Because tooth roots lack the protective enamel that covers the crown of the tooth, exposed roots are more vulnerable to sensitivity, decay, and further damage.
At Orion Dental in Scarborough and Milton, we regularly evaluate patients for gum recession as part of our comprehensive dental checkups. This guide covers what causes receding gums, how to recognise the signs, and the treatment options available to you.
Common
and more likely with age
Common
cause: aggressive brushing
None
natural gum regrowth
15 min
bonding procedure time
What Is Gum Recession?
Gum recession happens when the margin of the gum tissue retracts from the crown of a tooth, exposing the underlying root surface. This process is usually gradual, which is why many people don't notice it until the recession becomes more pronounced or they begin experiencing sensitivity.
The exposed root surfaces are made of a material called cementum, which is softer and more porous than enamel. This makes receded areas more susceptible to decay, temperature sensitivity, and mechanical wear. Without intervention, recession tends to progress over time, potentially leading to more complex dental problems.
Why Early Detection Matters
Because gum recession is irreversible without treatment, identifying the cause and taking action early can prevent significant complications including root decay and tooth loss.
How to Recognise Receding Gums
Gum recession can be subtle in its early stages. Here are the signs to watch for:
Signs of Gum Recession
- Teeth that appear longer than they used to
- A visible notch or groove where the gum meets the tooth
- Increased sensitivity to hot, cold, or sweet foods and drinks
- A yellowish colour near the gum line (exposed root surface)
- Spaces or gaps that appear to be growing between teeth
- Gum tissue that looks thin, fragile, or pulls away easily
Your dentist can measure gum recession precisely during a routine examination and track any changes over time using periodontal charting.
What Causes Gums to Recede?
Several factors can contribute to gum recession — and in many cases, more than one is at play:
| Cause | How It Contributes | What You Can Do |
|---|---|---|
| Aggressive Brushing | Hard bristles or excessive pressure wear down gum tissue and enamel over time | Switch to a soft-bristle brush; use gentle, circular strokes |
| Periodontal Disease | Bacterial infection destroys gum tissue and the bone supporting teeth | Regular cleanings and periodontal therapy |
| Genetics | Some people inherit thinner gum tissue that is more prone to recession | More frequent monitoring and preventive care |
| Hormonal Changes | Puberty, pregnancy, and menopause can make gums more sensitive and vulnerable | Maintain consistent oral hygiene; inform your dentist |
| Teeth Grinding (Bruxism) | Excessive force places stress on the gums and supporting bone | Custom night guard to reduce grinding forces |
| Tobacco Use | Creates sticky plaque that is harder to remove and impairs healing | Reduce or eliminate tobacco use |
Misaligned teeth or an uneven bite can also concentrate force on certain areas, accelerating recession. If alignment is a factor, Invisalign or orthodontic treatment may help distribute biting forces more evenly.
Noticing Sensitivity or Longer-Looking Teeth?
A gum evaluation can identify recession early and help prevent further tissue loss.
Treatment Options for Receding Gums
While receded gum tissue cannot regenerate on its own, several treatment options can protect exposed roots, reduce sensitivity, and prevent further recession. The right approach depends on the severity and underlying cause.
Treatment Pathway for Gum Recession
Improved Brushing Technique
Switching to a soft-bristle brush and gentle pressure is the essential first step to stop further damage.
Professional Monitoring
For mild cases, your dentist may recommend regular monitoring with periodontal charting to track any progression.
Desensitising Treatments
Fluoride varnishes or desensitising agents can be applied to exposed root surfaces to reduce sensitivity.
Composite Bonding
Tooth-coloured resin can be placed over exposed roots to protect them from decay and reduce sensitivity — typically in about 15 minutes.
Gum Graft Surgery
For more significant recession, tissue from the palate or a donor source is used to cover exposed roots and rebuild the gum line.
Non-Surgical Approaches
For mild recession where the root surface is not yet compromised, conservative management may be sufficient. This includes correcting brushing technique, using a desensitising toothpaste, and applying professional fluoride treatments to strengthen the exposed root surface. Your dentist may also recommend addressing contributing factors such as teeth grinding with a custom night guard.
Composite Bonding
When roots are exposed and vulnerable to decay, your dentist can apply a tooth-coloured composite resin over the affected area. This is a quick, minimally invasive procedure — often completed in a single visit — that helps seal and protect the root surface while improving the appearance of the gum line.
Gum Graft Surgery
For more advanced recession, a gum grafting procedure may be recommended. During this procedure, tissue — typically from the roof of the mouth or a tissue bank — is placed over the exposed root to rebuild the gum line. This can help reduce sensitivity, protect against root decay, and improve the aesthetics of your smile. A periodontist typically performs this procedure, and your dentist at Orion Dental can provide a referral when appropriate.
Treating the Underlying Cause
Regardless of which treatment is used, addressing the root cause is essential. If periodontal disease is driving the recession, scaling and root planing may be needed first. If bruxism is a factor, a custom night guard can help protect your gums and teeth from grinding forces.
Preventing Further Gum Recession
While you cannot reverse existing recession on your own, you can take meaningful steps to prevent it from getting worse:
Use a Soft-Bristle Brush
Hard or medium bristles are more likely to damage gum tissue. A soft brush with gentle circular motions is recommended.
Don't Skip Flossing
Daily flossing removes plaque from areas your toothbrush can't reach, reducing the risk of gum disease that causes recession.
Attend Regular Checkups
Your dentist can catch recession early through periodontal charting and recommend preventive action.
Address Grinding Habits
A custom night guard absorbs grinding forces that would otherwise stress your gums and supporting bone.
Quit Tobacco
Tobacco use creates stubborn plaque buildup and slows healing, both of which contribute to recession.
Use Your Dental Benefits
If you have insurance benefits remaining, schedule your checkup before year-end to maximise your coverage.
A Simple Brushing Change Can Help
Many patients are surprised to learn that their brushing technique is a contributing factor. Switching to a soft-bristle brush and using gentle, circular strokes instead of aggressive back-and-forth motion can significantly reduce the risk of further recession.
Don't Wait — Get Your Gums Evaluated
If you've noticed your teeth looking longer, increased sensitivity, or a visible notch where your gum meets your tooth, it's time to have your gums assessed. Our team at Orion Dental can evaluate the extent of recession, identify the underlying cause, and recommend the right treatment pathway for your situation.
Schedule an appointment at our Scarborough or Milton office. Book an appointment or call 416-291-0306 (Scarborough) / 905-636-9770 (Milton).
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about gum recession and treatment
Can receding gums grow back on their own?
Unfortunately, once gum tissue has receded, it does not regenerate naturally. However, treatments such as gum grafting and improved oral care can help protect exposed roots and prevent further recession.
What causes gums to recede?
Common causes include aggressive brushing, periodontal disease, genetics, hormonal changes, tobacco use, and teeth grinding (bruxism). In many cases, multiple factors contribute.
How do I know if my gums are receding?
Signs include teeth that appear longer than before, increased sensitivity near the gum line, a notch or groove you can feel at the gum line, and visible root surfaces. Your dentist can measure recession during a routine exam.
Is gum grafting painful?
Local anaesthesia is used during the procedure so you should not feel pain. Some discomfort and sensitivity during recovery is normal and can typically be managed with over-the-counter pain relief.
How can I prevent further gum recession?
Use a soft-bristled toothbrush with gentle pressure, maintain consistent flossing habits, attend regular dental checkups, address teeth grinding with a night guard if needed, and avoid tobacco products.
Should I see a dentist even for mild gum recession?
Yes. Even mild recession should be monitored by your dentist to determine whether the cause is ongoing and to prevent it from progressing. Early intervention is always simpler than treating advanced recession.
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